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        <title>AGP-SMYD00155</title>
        <editor>Roger S. Bagnall</editor>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>Encoded in XML from original publication</resp>
          <name>Tom Elliott</name>
          <name>David M. Ratzan</name>
          <name>Patrick J. Burns</name>
          <name>Georgios Tsolakis</name>
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          <resp>Created scripts automatically generating XML according to EpiDoc Guidelines</resp>
          <name>Hammad Ahmad</name>
          <name>Mackenzie Brooks</name>
          <name>Kyle Helms</name>
          <name>Sara Sprenkle</name>
          <name>Trevor Stalnaker</name>
        </respStmt>
        <respStmt>
          <resp>Principle Contributor</resp>
          <name>Roger S. Bagnall</name>
          <date>2016-10-03</date>
        </respStmt>
      </titleStmt>
      <publicationStmt>
        <publisher>Ancient Graffiti Project</publisher>
        <idno ref="URI">https://ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/graffito/AGP-SMYD00155</idno>
        <date>2026</date>
        <availability>
          <p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.</p>
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      <sourceDesc>
        <bibl>
          <name>R.S. Bagnall</name>
          <name>R. Casagrande-Kim</name>
          <name>A. Ersoy</name>
          <name>C. Tanriver</name>
          <name>B. Yolaçan</name>
          <title level="m">Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna</title>
          <publisher>First published by the Institute for the Study of the Ancient World and the New York University Press, 2016.</publisher>
          <pubPlace>New York</pubPlace>
          <date>2016</date>
        </bibl>
        <msDesc>
          <msIdentifier>
            <repository>EDR</repository>
            <idno>SMYD00155</idno>
          </msIdentifier>
          <msIdentifier>
            <repository>AGP</repository>
            <idno>AGP-SMYD00155</idno>
          </msIdentifier>
          <physDesc>
            <objectDesc>
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                <layout>
                  Charcoal Dimensions:
                  <dimensions>
                    <height unit="centimeter">22</height>
                    <width unit="centimeter">19</width>
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            <handDesc />
            <decoDesc>
              <decoNote xml:lang="la">((:gladiator, secutor))</decoNote>
              <decoNote xml:lang="en">gladiator, secutor</decoNote>
            </decoDesc>
          </physDesc>
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            <origin>
              <origPlace>
                <placeName ref="https://pleiades.stoa.org/places/550771">Smyrna</placeName>
              </origPlace>
              <origDate notBefore-custom="0180" notAfter-custom="0300" datingMethod="#julian">0180-0300 C.E.</origDate>
            </origin>
            <provenance type="found">
              <placeName ref="ancientgraffiti.org/Graffiti/properties/Smyrna/Agora/1">Basilica of the Agora of Smyrna, Izmir, Turkey</placeName>
            </provenance>
          </history>
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        <calendar xml:id="julian">
          <p>Julian calendar</p>
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        <p>Dipinto of a gladiator, located in the upper left quadrant of the back wall of Bay 14. The man, depicted in a three-quarter view, has his back toward the viewer. Only the upper portion of the body, down to the hips, is visible, while the lower half is completely effaced. The gladiator is portrayed in the act of stretching his right arm forward. He holds a short sword, whose contours are now almost entirely faded. At his waist a balteus is recognizable, and to his left side is a tall scutum. The crest on the helmet and the long flange protecting the neck indicate that the gladiator is probably a secutor. 
The iconography of this helmet is typical of gladiatorial reliefs from Smyrna, as demonstrated by a very close parallel in a funerary stele from Smyrna: Robert 1940: 203 no. 226.</p>
      </div>
      <div type="bibliography">
        <p>Bagnall, R. S. et al., Graffiti from the Basilica in the Agora of Smyrna (2016): 196.&lt;br/&gt;                Robert, L. 1940. Les gladiateurs dans l’orient grec. Paris, 203 no. 226.</p>
      </div>
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        <p>Drawing of a gladiator</p>
      </div>
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